He learned to write dramatic openings and employ the dynamic motor rhythms and harmonic schemes found in the music of Italians such as Vivaldi, Corelli, and Torelli. Bach was particularly attracted to the Italian style in which one or more solo instruments alternate section-by-section with the full orchestra throughout a movement.
Also in Weimar Bach started work on the Little Organ Book , containing traditional Lutheran chorales hymn tunes set in complex textures. In , Bach was offered a post in Halle when he advised the authorities during a renovation by Christoph Cuntzius of the main organ in the west gallery of the Market Church of Our Dear Lady.
Johann Kuhnau and Bach played again when it was inaugurated in In the spring of , Bach was promoted to Konzertmeister , an honour that entailed performing a church cantata monthly in the castle church.
BWV for Pentecost. Figure 3. Despite being born in the same year and only about kilometres 81 mi apart, Bach and Handel never met. Thomas Church in Leipzig which served four churches in the city, the Thomaskirche , the Nikolaikirche St.
Nicholas Church , the Neue Kirche and the Peterskirche , and musical director of public functions such as city council elections and homages. This was a prestigious post in the mercantile city in the Electorate of Saxony, which he held for twenty-seven years until his death. Bach was required to instruct the students of the Thomasschule in singing and to provide church music for the main churches in Leipzig. Bach was required to teach Latin, but he was allowed to employ a deputy to do this instead.
A cantata was required for the church services on Sundays and additional church holidays during the liturgical year. He usually performed his own cantatas, most of which were composed during his first three years in Leipzig.
Bach collected his cantatas in annual cycles. Five are mentioned in obituaries, three are extant. Of the more than three hundred cantatas which Bach composed in Leipzig, over one hundred have been lost to posterity.
Most of these concerted works expound on the Gospel readings prescribed for every Sunday and feast day in the Lutheran year. Bach started a second annual cycle the first Sunday after Trinity of , and composed only chorale cantatas, each based on a single church hymn.
Bach drew the soprano and alto choristers from the School, and the tenors and basses from the School and elsewhere in Leipzig. Performing at weddings and funerals provided extra income for these groups; it was probably for this purpose, and for in-school training, that he wrote at least six motets. Bach broadened his composing and performing beyond the liturgy by taking over, in March , the directorship of the Collegium Musicum, a secular performance ensemble started by the composer Georg Philipp Telemann.
This was one of the dozens of private societies in the major German-speaking cities that was established by musically active university students; these societies had become increasingly important in public musical life and were typically led by the most prominent professionals in a city.
In , Bach composed a mass for the Dresden court Kyrie and Gloria which he later incorporated in his Mass in B minor. He later extended this work into a full mass, by adding a Credo , Sanctus and Agnus Dei , the music for which was partly based on his own cantatas, partly new composed. The king played a theme for Bach and challenged him to improvise a fugue based on his theme. Its six-part fugue includes a slightly altered subject more suitable for extensive elaboration. BWV on this portrait was dedicated to the Society.
Other late works by Bach may also have a connection with the music theory based Society. One of those works was The Art of Fugue , which consists of 18 complex fugues and canons based on a simple theme. The Art of Fugue was only published posthumously in Consisting mainly of recycled movements from cantatas written over a thirty-five year period, it allowed Bach to survey his vocal pieces one last time and pick select movements for further revision and refinement.
On 28 July Bach died at the age of Modern historians speculate that the cause of death was a stroke complicated by pneumonia. In , it was published by Lorenz Christoph Mizler in the musical periodical Musikalische Bibliothek.
He was originally buried at Old St. His grave went unmarked for nearly years. It would be interesting to know if Bach would approve of the many treatments artists have taken with his music.
Keeping with this theme, this author believes that this next artist would not be a fan of Bach. Schickele made a career out of creating this fictitious child of Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach.
Johann Sebastian Bach had 20 children, four of whom became notable composers. The names were reduced to initials, such as C. Thus, the name P.
There is also a sample below of the vocal style of the Swingle Singers performing a most difficult Fugue by Bach. If we take anything from this article, let us remember that history builds off the past.
The Music of Johann Sebastian is a great example of this. Because of this great composer, we can thank him for the standards in music composition he set. I hope that you were able to listen listen to the examples provided here and that you have a better understanding and appreciation of the greatest composer of all time.
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By Joseph Corney. By Frances Metcalfe. See More. He wrote more cogent, tightly integrated chorale preludes than most. For example, the St Matthew Passion illustrates the Passion with Bible text reflected in recitatives, arias, choruses, and chorales. He wrote much for the keyboard and led its elevation from continuo to solo instrument with harpsichord concertos and keyboard obbligato. Bach produced collections of movements that explored the range of artistic and technical possibilities inherent in various genres.
The most famous example is The Well-Tempered Clavier , in which each book presents a prelude and fugue in every major and minor key. Each fugue displays a variety of contrapuntal and fugal techniques. Skip to main content. The Baroque Era, J. Search for:. Bach: His Works. Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. Bach wrote many works for harpsichord, some of which may have been played on the clavichord. Many of his keyboard works are anthologies that encompass whole theoretical systems in an encyclopedic fashion.
His access to musicians, scores and instruments as a child and a young man and his emerging talent for writing tightly woven music of powerful sonority, allowed him to develop an eclectic, energetic musical style in which foreign influences were combined with an intensified version of the pre-existing German musical language.
From the period —14 onward he learned much from the style of the Italians. Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Shared previously.
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