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OSO version 0. University Press Scholarship Online. Sign in. Not registered? Sign up. Publications Pages Publications Pages. It will, thus, be built on a foundation of global cooperation and solidarity.
Solidarity is identified in the Millennium Declaration as one of the fundamental values of international relations in the 21st Century, wherein those, who either suffer or benefit least deserve help from those who benefit most. Consequently, in the context of globalization and the challenge of growing inequality, strengthening of international solidarity is indispensable. Therefore, the UN General Assembly, convinced that the promotion of the culture of solidarity and the spirit of sharing is important for combating poverty, proclaimed 20 of December as International Human Solidarity Day.
Through initiatives such as the establishment of the World Solidarity Fund to eradicate poverty and the proclamation of International Human Solidarity Day, the concept of solidarity was promoted as crucial in the fight against poverty and in the involvement of all relevant stakeholders. The concept of solidarity has defined the work of the United Nations since the birth of the Organization.
The creation of the United Nations drew the peoples and nations of the world together to promote peace, human rights and social and economic development. But in their Communist Manifesto , Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels conceptualized solidarity as an expression of the shared experience and specific political needs of the working class. Solidarity has also been a central concept in Catholic social teachings since the end of the 19th century.
It figures prominently in liberation theology, in which solidarity and communion with the poor is a fundamental spiritual commitment. I examine what happens when solidarity is contingent on others being more like us, thinking more like us and believing what we believe. German philosopher Kurt Bayertz points to four uses of the concept of solidarity. The first, universalistic solidarity, suggests all human beings have a moral duty to work together for the benefit of all.
While compelling, this view of solidarity ignores differences and potential conflict between the needs and values of different groups. Civic solidarity involves an indirect commitment through taxes or charity contributions. Practising physical distancing is also an act of civic solidarity.
Lacking a personal sense of connection to and reciprocity with those who benefit from civic solidarity can undermine solidarity efforts , which may lead to the need for legal enforcement. But this is misleading. Rather, their sense of solidarity coheres around a commitment to ideals of freedom from restrictions and protecting their financial resources and investments as a way to ensure their own well-being. Likewise, there is a strong sense of solidarity among conservative religious groups that rely on Christian faith over science to protect themselves.
A strong sense of social solidarity is crucial for advancing all kinds of political agendas and values. Political solidarity revolves around issues of inequality related to class, racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination. Political solidarity usually involves one group acting in support of another, even though groups may not be affected equally by injustices.
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